Cellulose ether (CE) ikirasi yezvinobvamo zvinowanikwa nekemikari kushandura cellulose. Cellulose ndicho chikamu chikuru chechirimwa masero madziro, uye cellulose ethers nhevedzano yemapolymers anogadzirwa ne etherification yemamwe mapoka ehydroxyl (-OH) mu cellulose. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda senge zvekuvakisa, mushonga, chikafu, zvizorwa, nezvimwe, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana nekuda kwekusiyana kwawo kwemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana.
1. Kurongwa kwe cellulose ethers
Cellulose ethers inogona kukamurwa kuva mhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzezvinotsiva muchimiro chemakemikari. Mutsara unozivikanwa zvikuru unobva pamusiyano wezvinotsiva. Common cellulose ethers ndeaya anotevera:
Methyl cellulose (MC)
Methyl cellulose inogadzirwa nekutsiva iyo hydroxyl chikamu che cellulose molecule nemethyl (-CH₃). Iyo ine yakanaka thickening, firimu-kugadzira uye bonding zvivakwa uye inowanzoshandiswa mukuvaka zvinhu, machira, mishonga yemishonga uye maindasitiri ezvekudya.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakajairika cellulose ether, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka zvinhu, mushonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva uye minda yekudya nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo kwemvura uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. HPMC is nonionic cellulose ether ine zvinhu zvekuchengetedza mvura, kukora uye kugadzikana.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndeye anionic cellulose ether inogadzirwa nekuunza carboxymethyl (-CH₂COOH) mapoka mumamorekuru e cellulose. CMC ine yakanakisa solubility yemvura uye inowanzoshandiswa seyakakora, stabilizer uye kumisa mumiriri. Inoita basa rinokosha muzvokudya, mishonga uye zvizoro.
Ethyl cellulose (EC)
Ethyl cellulose inowanikwa nekutsiva boka re hydroxyl mu cellulose ne ethyl (-CH₂CH₃). Iyo ine yakanaka hydrophobicity uye inowanzo shandiswa seye firimu coating agent uye inodzorwa kuburitsa zvinhu muindasitiri yemishonga.
2. Muviri uye kemikari zvinhu zve cellulose ethers
Izvo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari ethers cellulose zvine hukama zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwe cellulose ether, rudzi rwekutsiva uye dhigirii rekutsiva. Zvinhu zvayo zvikuru zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
Kunyungudika kwemvura uye kunyungudika
Mazhinji cellulose ether ane yakanaka kunyungudika mumvura uye anogona kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora kana inopisa kuti iite inoonekera colloidal solution. Semuyenzaniso, HPMC, CMC, etc. inogona kukurumidza kunyungudutswa mumvura kuti iite yakakwira-viscosity mhinduro, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo emamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinodiwa zvinoshanda sekukora, kumiswa, uye kugadzira firimu.
Kukora uye firimu-kugadzira zvinhu
Cellulose ethers ine yakanakisa thickening zvimiro uye inogona zvinobudirira kuwedzera viscosity yeaqueous mhinduro. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera HPMC kune zvekuvaka kunogona kuvandudza mapurasitiki uye kushanda kwedhaka uye kuwedzera anti-sagging zvivakwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, cellulose ethers vane maitiro akanaka ekugadzira mafirimu uye anogona kuumba firimu rekudzivirira rakafanana pamusoro pezvinhu, saka rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuputira uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Kuchengetedza mvura uye kugadzikana
Cellulose ethers inewo simba rakanaka rekuchengetedza mvura, kunyanya mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka. Cellulose ethers inowanzoshandiswa kunatsiridza kuchengetwa kwemvura kwesamende dhaka, kuderedza kuitika kwedhaka shrinkage kuparuka, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa redhaka. Mumunda wekudya, CMC inoshandiswawo sehumectant kunonoka kuomeswa kwechikafu.
Kugadzikana kwemakemikari
Cellulose ethers inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari mu acid, alkali uye electrolyte mhinduro, uye inogona kuchengetedza chimiro chavo uye kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaoma dzemakemikari. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti zvishandiswe mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana pasina kukanganiswa kubva kune mamwe makemikari.
3. Nzira yekugadzira cellulose ether
Kugadzirwa kwe cellulose ether kunonyanya kugadzirirwa ne etherification reaction ye natural cellulose. Iwo ekutanga maitiro matanho anosanganisira alkalization kurapwa kweselulosi, etherification reaction, kucheneswa, nezvimwe.
Alkalization kurapwa
Chekutanga, natural cellulose (yakadai sedonje, huni, nezvimwewo) inogadziriswa kushandura chikamu chehydroxyl mu cellulose kuita munyu wedoro unoshanda zvakanyanya.
Etherification reaction
Iyo cellulose mushure me alkalization inopindirana ne etherifying agent (yakadai semethyl chloride, propylene oxide, nezvimwewo) kugadzira cellulose ether. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuita, mhando dzakasiyana dze cellulose ether dzinogona kuwanikwa.
Kuchenesa uye kuomesa
Iyo cellulose ether inogadzirwa nemaitiro inocheneswa, kugezwa uye kuomeswa kuti iwane hupfu kana granular chigadzirwa. Kuchena uye zvemuviri zvechigadzirwa chekupedzisira zvinogona kudzorwa neanotevera kugadzirisa tekinoroji.
4. Minda yekushandisa ye cellulose ether
Nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika yemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro zve cellulose ethers, ivo vanoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji. Minda mikuru yekushandisa ndeiyi:
Zvishandiso zvekuvaka
Mumunda wezvivakwa zvekuvaka, cellulose ethers inonyanya kushandiswa semakobvu uye ekuchengetedza mvura maajenti esimende dhaka uye gypsum-based zvigadzirwa. Cellulose ethers senge HPMC uye MC inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka kwedhaka, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, uye nekudaro inowedzera kunamatira uye kutsemuka kuramba.
Mushonga
Muindasitiri yemishonga, cellulose ethers anoshandiswa zvakanyanya seanoputira madhiragi, anonamira emapiritsi, uye inodzorwa-inoburitsa zvinhu. Semuyenzaniso, HPMC inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira zvinodhaka firimu coatings uye ine yakanaka inodzorwa-kuburitsa mhedzisiro.
Zvokudya
CMC inowanzoshandiswa seyakakora, emulsifier, uye stabilizer muindasitiri yechikafu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinwiwa, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, uye zvakabikwa, uye inogona kuvandudza kuravira uye kunyorova kwechikafu.
Cosmetics uye makemikari ezuva nezuva
Cellulose ethers inoshandiswa semakobvu uye emulsifiers uye stabilizers muzvizoro uye makemikari ezuva nezuva, ayo anogona kupa kuenderana kwakanaka uye kuumbwa. Semuenzaniso, HPMC inowanzoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakaita semushonga wemazino uye shambuu kuvapa viscous kunzwa uye yakagadzikana kuturika mhedzisiro.
Coatings
Muindasitiri yekupfekedza, cellulose ethers inoshandiswa seyakakora, magadzirirwo emafirimu, uye ekumisa maajenti, ayo anogona kusimudzira kuita kwekuvaka kweaya, kunatsiridza mwero, uye kupa yakanaka pendi firimu remhando.
5. Kubudirira kweramangwana re cellulose ethers
Nekuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, cellulose ether, sechinobva kune zvakasikwa zvinogonekazve zviwanikwa, ine tarisiro yakakura yebudiriro. Iyo biodegradability, kuvandudzwa uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti itarisirwe kushandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yezvakasvibirira zvinhu, zvinoshatisa zvinhu uye smart zvinhu mune ramangwana. Pamusoro pezvo, cellulose ether inewo kumwe kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kugona muminda yakawedzera kukosha senge biomedical engineering uye zvemberi zvinhu.
Sechigadzirwa chakakosha chemakemikari, cellulose ether ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekukosha kwekushandisa. Nekukora kwayo kwakanakisa, kuchengetwa kwemvura, kugadzira firimu uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, inoita basa risingadzoreki mundima dzakawanda dzakadai sekuvaka, mushonga, uye chikafu. Mune ramangwana, nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kusimudzirwa kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, tarisiro yekushandiswa kweselulosi ether ichave yakakura uye nekupa mipiro yakakura mukusimudzira kusimukira kwakasimba kwemaindasitiri akasiyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-24-2024