Chimiro che cellulose ethers

Maumbirwo emhando mbiricellulose ethersanopiwa muFigure 1.1 uye 1.2. Imwe neimwe β-D-dehydrated mazambiringa e cellulose molecule

Sugar unit (inodzokororwa selulosi) inotsiviwa neboka reether rimwe nerimwe panzvimbo yeC(2), C(3) neC(6), kureva kusvika kumatatu.

boka re ether. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka ehydroxyl, cellulose macromolecules ane intramolecular uye intermolecular hydrogen bond, izvo zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura.

Uye zvakaoma kunyungudika mune zvinenge zvese organic solvents. Nekudaro, mushure meiyo etherification ye cellulose, ether mapoka anounzwa mune molecular cheni.

Nenzira iyi, iyo hydrogen zvisungo mukati uye pakati pemamorekuru e cellulose inoparadzwa, uye hydrophilicity yayo inovandudzwa, kuitira kuti solubility yayo igadziriswe.

kuvandudzwa zvikuru. Pakati pavo, Mufananidzo 1.1 ndiyo yakajairika chimiro chezvikamu zviviri zveanhydroglucose zve cellulose ether molecular chain, R1-R6 = H.

kana organic zvinotsiva. 1.2 chidimbu che carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose molecular chain, dhigirii rekutsiva carboxymethyl ndeye 0.5,4

Iyo yekutsiva dhigirii yehydroxyethyl ndeye 2.0, uye iyo molar inotsiva dhigirii ndeye 3.0.

Kune imwe neimwe inotsiva cellulose, huwandu hwese hweetherification hwayo hunogona kuratidzwa sedhigirii rekutsiva (DS). yakagadzirwa nefibers

Inogona kuoneka kubva muchimiro cheiyo prime molecule kuti dhigirii rekutsiva rinobva pa0-3. Kureva, imwe neimwe anhydroglucose unit mhete ye cellulose

, avhareji yenhamba yemapoka ehydroxyl anotsiviwa nemapoka etherifying eetherifying agent. Nekuda kweiyo hydroxyalkyl boka re cellulose, inotsiva

Iyo etherification inofanira kutangwa patsva kubva kuboka remahara rehydroxyl. Naizvozvo, dhigirii yekutsiviwa kwerudzi urwu rwe cellulose ether inogona kuratidzwa mumamoles.

dhigirii rekutsiva (MS). Iyo inonzi molar degree yekutsiva inoratidza huwandu hweetherifying agent yakawedzerwa kune yega anhydroglucose unit ye ​​cellulose.

Avhareji misa ye reactants.

1 General chimiro cheglucose unit

2 Zvimedu zve cellulose ether molecular cheni

1.2.2 Kurongwa kwe cellulose ethers

Kunyangwe cellulose ether ari single ether kana akasanganiswa ether, zvimiro zvawo zvakati siyanei. Cellulose macromolecules

Kana iyo hydroxyl boka remhete yeyuniti inotsiviwa neboka re hydrophilic, chigadzirwa chinogona kuva nedhigirii yakaderera yekutsiva pasi pemamiriro eiyo yakaderera dhigirii yekutsiva.

Iine kumwe kunyungudika kwemvura; kana yakatsiviwa neboka re hydrophobic, chigadzirwa chacho chine imwe dhigirii yekutsiva chete kana dhigirii rekutsiva iri pakati nepakati.

Mvura-inonyungudika, zvishoma zvakatsiviwa selulosi etherification zvigadzirwa zvinongozvimba mumvura, kana kunyungudika mune isinganyanyi kunyudzwa alkali mhinduro.

pakati.

Maererano nemhando dzezvinotsiva, cellulose ethers inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: alkyl mapoka, akadai semethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;

Hydroxyalkyls, yakadai sehydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; vamwe, akadai carboxymethyl cellulose, etc. Kana ionization

Classification, cellulose ethers inogona kukamurwa kuva: ionic, yakadai secarboxymethyl cellulose; isiri-ionic, yakadai sehydroxyethyl cellulose; yakasanganiswa

mhando, yakadai sehydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Zvinoenderana nechikamu chesolubility, cellulose inogona kukamurwa kuita: inonyungudika mumvura, senge carboxymethyl cellulose,

Hydroxyethyl cellulose; mvura-isina kunyungudika, senge methyl cellulose, nezvimwe.

1.2.3 Zvivakwa uye kushandiswa kwe cellulose ethers

Cellulose ether imhando yechigadzirwa mushure mekugadzirisa cellulose etherification, uye cellulose ether ine akawanda akakosha zvinhu. kufanana

Iine maitiro akanaka ekugadzira mafirimu; sedhinda rekudhinda, rine mvura yakanaka solubility, thickening properties, kuchengetedza mvura uye kugadzikana;

5

Plain ether haina hwema, haina chepfu, uye ine biocompatibility yakanaka. Pakati pavo, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ine "industrial monosodium glutamate"

zita remadunhurirwa.

1.2.3.1 Magadzirirwo emufirimu

Iyo dhigirii ye etherification ye cellulose ether ine simba guru pane yayo yekugadzira firimu zvinhu senge firimu-kugadzira kugona uye kusimba kwekubatana. Cellulose ether

Nekuda kwesimba rayo rakanaka remagetsi uye kuenderana kwakanaka neakasiyana resin, inogona kushandiswa mumafirimu epurasitiki, adhesive uye zvimwe zvinhu.

kugadzirira zvinhu.

1.2.3.2 Solubility

Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka akawanda ehydroxyl parin'i yeokisijeni-ine glucose unit, cellulose ethers ine zvirinani kunyungudika kwemvura. uye

Zvichienderana ne cellulose ether substituent uye dhigirii rekutsinhanisa, kune zvakare akasiyana selectivity ye organic solvents.

1.2.3.3 Kukora

Cellulose ether inonyungudutswa muine aqueous solution muchimiro checolloid, umo dhigirii repolymerization ye cellulose ether inosarudza cellulose.

Viscosity ye ether solution. Kusiyana nemvura yeNewtonian, viscosity ye cellulose ether solutions inoshanduka neshear force, uye

Nekuda kwechimiro ichi chemacromolecules, viscosity yemhinduro ichawedzera nekukurumidza nekuwedzera kweiyo yakasimba yemukati cellulose ether, zvisinei iyo mhinduro viscosity.

Viscosity inodererawo nekukurumidza nekuwedzera tembiricha [33].

1.2.3.4 Kudzikira

Iyo cellulose ether mhinduro yakanyungudika mumvura kwenguva yakati ichakura bhakitiriya, nekudaro ichigadzira enzyme bhakitiriya uye inoparadza cellulose ether chikamu.

Iyo iri padyo isina kuchinjirwa glucose unit bonds, nekudaro ichidzikisa hukama hwema molecular mass ye macromolecule. Saka, cellulose ethers

Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura inogadziriswa inoda kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwekuchengetedza.

Uye zvakare, cellulose ethers ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvivakwa zvakaita seyepamusoro chiitiko, ionic chiitiko, furo kugadzikana uye kuwedzera.

gel chiito. Nekuda kwezvivakwa izvi, cellulose ethers inoshandiswa mumachira, kugadzira mapepa, madhizaini ekugadzira, cosmetics, chikafu, mushonga,

Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundima dzakawanda.

1.3 Nhanganyaya yekudyara mbishi

Kubva muchidimbu che 1.2 cellulose ether, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti iyo yakasvibiswa yekugadzirira cellulose ether inonyanya kushandisa cotton cellulose, uye chimwe chezviri mukati meiyi nyaya.

Iko kushandisa cellulose yakatorwa kubva muchirimwa zvigadzirwa kutsiva donje cellulose kugadzira cellulose ether. Izvi zvinotevera sumo pfupi kune chirimwa

zvinhu.

Sezvo zviwanikwa zvakajairika zvakaita seoiri, marasha uye gasi rechisikigo zviri kudzikira, kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvichibva pazviri, zvakaita semafayibha ekugadzira uye mafirimu efiber, zvichave zvichiwedzera kurambidzwa. Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira nzanga nenyika dzepasirese (kunyanya

Inyika yakasimukira) inotarisisa dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Natural cellulose ine biodegradability uye kurongeka kwezvakatipoteredza.

Zvishoma nezvishoma ichava sosi huru ye fiber zvinhu.