Iwo marudzi emusanganiswa anowanzo shandiswa mukuvaka yakaoma-musanganiswa dhaka, maitiro avo ekuita, maitiro ekuita, uye simba ravo pakuita kwezvakaoma-musanganiswa zvigadzirwa zvedhaka.Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza mvura akadai se cellulose ether uye starch ether, redispersible latex powder uye fiber zvinhu pamusoro pekushanda kwevhu rakaoma-yakasanganiswa yakakurukurwa zvakasimba.
Admixtures inoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka dhaka rakaoma-yakasanganiswa, asi kuwedzera kwedhaka rakasanganiswa-yakasanganiswa kunoita kuti mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvedhaka wakaoma-musanganiswa wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo echinyakare dhaka, iyo inoverengera inopfuura 40% ye mutengo wezvinhu mudhaka rakaoma-musanganiswa.Parizvino, chikamu chikuru chemusanganiswa chinopihwa nevagadziri vekunze, uye iyo referensi dosage yechigadzirwa inopihwawo nemupi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo wezvakaoma-musanganiswa zvigadzirwa zvedhaka unoramba wakakwira, uye zvakaoma kuparadzira zvakajairika masonry uye kupurasita madhaka ane huwandu hukuru nenzvimbo dzakafara;zvigadzirwa zvemusika wepamusoro zvinodzorwa nemakambani ekunze, uye vagadziri vedhaka vakaoma-musanganiswa vane purofiti yakaderera uye kushomeka kwemitengo;Iko kushomeka kwekutsvagisa kwakarongeka uye kwakanangwa pakushandiswa kwemishonga, uye mafomula ekunze anoteverwa neupofu.
Zvichienderana nezvikonzero zviri pamusoro, bepa rino rinoongorora uye rinoenzanisa zvimwe zvekutanga zvimiro zvezvinowanzo shandiswa zvakasanganiswa, uye nechikonzero ichi, inoongorora mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvedhaka zvakakanyiwa zvine musanganiswa.
1 mvura inochengetedza mumiriri
Mvura inochengetedza mumiriri musanganiswa wakakosha wekuvandudza mashandiro ekuchengetedza mvura yedhaka rakaomeswa rakasanganiswa, uye zvakare iri imwe yeakakosha masanganiswa kuona mutengo wezvakaoma-musanganiswa wedhaka zvinhu.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ishoko rakajairwa kune akatevedzana ezvigadzirwa zvinoumbwa nekuita kwealkali cellulose uye etherifying agent pasi pemamwe mamiriro.Alkali cellulose inotsiviwa nema etherifying agents akasiyana kuti awane akasiyana cellulose ether.Zvinoenderana neiyo ionization yezvinhu zvinotsiva, cellulose ethers inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: ionic (senge carboxymethyl cellulose) uye isiri-ionic (senge methyl cellulose).Zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinotsiva, cellulose ether inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether (senge methyl cellulose) uye yakasanganiswa ether (senge hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).Maererano nekunyungudika kwakasiyana-siyana, inogona kukamurwa kuva inonyungudika mumvura (yakadai sehydroxyethyl cellulose) uye organic solvent-soluble (yakadai se ethyl cellulose), nezvimwewo. Dry-mixed mortar inonyanya kunyunguduka mumvura, uye mvura-soluble cellulose ndiyo. yakakamurwa kuva pakarepo mhando uye pamusoro kubatwa kunonoka kupera mhando.
Maitiro ekuita kwe cellulose ether mudhaka ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura inotonhora, uye ichasangana nematambudziko mukunyungudika mumvura inopisa.Asi tembiricha yayo yegelation mumvura inopisa yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura yemethyl cellulose.Iyo solubility mumvura inotonhora zvakare yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemethyl cellulose.
(2) Iyo viscosity yehydroxypropyl methylcellulose inoenderana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru, uye iyo yakakura huremu hwemamorekuru, inokwirisa viscosity.Kupisa kunokanganisawo viscosity yayo, sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, viscosity inoderera.Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira viscosity ine yakaderera tembiricha mhedzisiro pane methyl cellulose.Mushonga waro wakagadzikana kana wakachengetwa pakushambidzika kwekamuri.
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, nezvimwewo, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura pasi peiyo imwechete yekuwedzera yakakwira kupfuura iyo yemethyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakagadzikana kune asidhi uye alkali, uye mhinduro yayo yemvura yakanyatsogadzikana muhuwandu hwepH = 2 ~ 12.Caustic soda uye mvura yeraimu haina mhedzisiro pakuita kwayo, asi alkali inogona kukurumidzira kuparara kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakagadzikana kune yakajairwa munyu, asi kana kusanganiswa kwemunyu munyu kwakakwira, viscosity yehydroxypropyl methylcellulose mhinduro inowedzera kuwedzera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogona kusanganiswa nemvura-soluble polymer compounds kuti iite yunifomu uye yakakwirira viscosity mhinduro.Zvakadai se polyvinyl doro, starch ether, muriwo gum, nezvimwe.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ine nani enzyme kuramba kupfuura methylcellulose, uye mhinduro yayo haigone kuderedzwa nema enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose.
(7) Iko kunamatira kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kukuvaka kwedhaka kwakakwira kupfuura iyo yemethylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mushure mekunge donje rakanatswa ragadziriswa nealkali, cellulose ether inogadzirwa kuburikidza neyakatevedzana maitiro ane methane chloride se etherification agent.Kazhinji, dhigirii rekutsiva i1.6 ~ 2.0, uye kunyungudika kwakasiyanawo nemadhigirii akasiyana ekutsiva.Iyo ndeye isiri-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye zvichave zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa.Mushonga wayo une aqueous wakanyatsogadzikana muhupamhi hwepH = 3 ~ 12.Iine kuwirirana kwakanaka ne starch, guar gum, nezvimwewo uye akawanda ma surfactants.Kana tembiricha inosvika tembiricha yegelation, gelation inoitika.
(2) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, particle fineness uye dissolution rate.Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwekuwedzera hwakakura, hunyoro hudiki, uye viscosity yakakura, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira.Pakati pavo, huwandu hwekuwedzera hune simba guru pahuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura, uye chiyero che viscosity hachina kuenzana zvakananga nehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura.Mwero wekunyungudika unonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwekugadziriswa kwepasi kwe cellulose particles uye particle fineness.Pakati pema cellulose ethers ari pamusoro, methyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose vane mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza mvura.
(3) Shanduko mutembiricha ichakanganisa zvakanyanya mwero wekuchengetedza mvura yemethyl cellulose.Kazhinji, kukwirisa tembiricha, kunowedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemvura.Kana tembiricha yevhu ichipfuura 40 ° C, kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwedhaka.
(4) Methyl cellulose ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakuvaka uye kunamatira kwedhaka.“Kunamira” pano kunoreva simba rekunamira rinonzwikwa pakati pemudziyo wemudziyo wekushandisa nemadziro emadziro, ndiko kuti, kugerwa kwedhaka.Kunamatira kwakakwirira, kupikisa kweshear kwevhu kwakakura, uye simba rinodiwa nevashandi vari mukugadzirisa kushandiswa kwakakurawo, uye kushanda kwekuvaka kwedhaka kwakashata.Methyl cellulose adhesion iri pamwero wepakati mune cellulose ether zvigadzirwa.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Yakagadzirwa kubva mukotoni yakanatswa yakabatwa nealkali, uye yakaitwa ne ethylene oxide se etherification agent pamberi peacetone.Dhigirii rekutsiva kazhinji 1.5 ~ 2.0.Iyo ine yakasimba hydrophilicity uye iri nyore kutora unyoro.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, asi yakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa.Mhinduro yaro yakagadzikana pakupisa kwepamusoro pasina gelling.Inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro mumatope, asi kuchengetedza kwayo mvura kwakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yakagadzikana kune general acid uye alkali.Alkali inogona kukurumidza kuparara kwayo uye zvishoma kuwedzera viscosity yayo.Kupararira kwayo mumvura kwakashata zvishoma kupfuura iyo yemethyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ine yakanaka anti-sag performance yedhaka, asi ine nguva yakareba yekudzosa simende.
(4) Kuita kwehydroxyethyl cellulose inogadzirwa nemamwe mabhizinesi epamba zviri pachena kuti yakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura uye yakakwira madota.
Starch ether
Starch ethers inoshandiswa mumatope inogadziridzwa kubva kune yakasikwa mapolymers emamwe mapolysaccharides.Zvakadai sembatatisi, chibage, mufarinya, guar beans zvichingodaro.
1. Modified starch
Starch ether yakagadziridzwa kubva mumbatatisi, chibage, mufarinya, zvichingodaro. ine kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwakadzikira pane cellulose ether.Nekuda kweiyo dhigirii yakasiyana yekushandurwa, kugadzikana kune acid uye alkali kwakasiyana.Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kushandiswa mumadhaka egypsum, asi zvimwe zvinogona kushandiswa mumatope ane simende.Iko kushandiswa kwestarch ether mudhaka kunonyanya kushandiswa sechikobvu kuvandudza chidziviriro chekusagadzika kwedhaka, kuderedza kunamatira kwedhaka rakanyorova, uye kurebesa nguva yekuvhura.
Starch ethers inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete ne cellulose, kuitira kuti zvimiro uye zvakanakira zvezvigadzirwa zviviri izvi zvinopindirana.Sezvo zvigadzirwa zve starch ether zvakachipa zvakanyanya pane cellulose ether, kuiswa kwestarch ether mudhaka kuchaunza kuderedzwa kwakanyanya mumutengo wekugadzira dhaka.
2. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether imhando yestarch ether ine yakakosha zvimiro, iyo inogadziridzwa kubva kune yakasikwa guar bhinzi.Kunyanya ne etherification reaction yeguar gum uye acrylic inoshanda boka, chimiro chine 2-hydroxypropyl inoshanda boka inoumbwa, inova polygalactomannose chimiro.
(1) Kana ichienzaniswa neselulosi ether, guar gum ether inonyanya kunyungudika mumvura.Zvimiro zvepH guar ethers hazvina kukanganiswa.
(2) Pasi pemamiriro ekuderera kweviscosity uye yakaderera dosage, guar gum inogona kutsiva cellulose ether muhuwandu hwakaenzana, uye ine yakafanana kuchengetedza mvura.Asi kuwirirana, anti-sag, thixotropy uye zvichingodaro zviri pachena kuti zvakagadziridzwa.
(3) Pasi pemamiriro epamusoro viscosity uye dosage yakakura, guar gum haigoni kutsiva cellulose ether, uye kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwezviviri kuchaita zviri nani.
(4) Kushandiswa kweguar gum mu gypsum-based mortar kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kunamatira panguva yekuvaka uye kuita kuti chivakwa chive chakapfava.Iyo haina mhedzisiro yakaipa pakugadzika nguva uye simba regypsum mortar.
3. Modified mineral water-retaining thickener
Iyo mvura-inochengetedza gobvu yakagadzirwa nemaminerari echisikigo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa uye kusanganisa yakashandiswa muChina.Maminerari makuru anoshandiswa kugadzirira mvura-inochengetedza thickeners ndeaya: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, etc. Maminerari aya ane mamwe ekuchengetedza mvura uye kukora zvinhu kuburikidza nekugadziridzwa senge coupling agents.Rudzi urwu rwemvura inochengetedza mvura inoiswa mudhaka ine hunhu hunotevera.
(1) Inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro edhaka rakajairwa, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekusashanda zvakanaka kwesamende dhaka, kuderera kwesimba revhu rakasanganiswa, uye kushomeka kwemvura.
(2) Zvigadzirwa zvedhaka zvine mazinga akasiyana esimba kune zvakajairika maindasitiri uye zvivakwa zvevagari zvinogona kugadzirwa.
(3) Mutengo wezvinhu wakaderera zvakanyanya pane we cellulose ether uye starch ether.
(4) Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwakaderera kupfuura kweiyo organic water retention agent, iyo yakaoma shrinkage kukosha kwedhaka rakagadzirirwa yakakura, uye kubatana kunoderedzwa.
Redispersible polymer rubber poda
Redispersible rubber poda inogadziriswa nekupfapfaidza kuomeswa kweiyo yakakosha polymer emulsion.Mukuita kwekugadzirisa, inodzivirira colloid, anti-caking agent, nezvimwe zvinova zvakakosha zvinowedzera.Iyo yakaomeswa rabha poda ndezvimwe zvidimbu zvakatenderera zve80 ~ 100mm zvakaungana pamwechete.Zvimedu izvi zvinonyungudika mumvura uye zvinogadzira kupararira kwakagadzikana kwakakura zvishoma pane yekutanga emulsion particles.Kupararira uku kuchaita firimu mushure mekupera mvura uye kuoma.Iyi firimu haigadziriseki seyakajairwa emulsion firimu kuumbwa, uye haizoparadzike zvakare kana yasangana nemvura.Kupararira.
Redispersible rubber powder inogona kukamurwa kuva: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, nezvimwewo, uye zvichibva pane izvi, silicone, vinyl laurate, nezvimwewo zvakabatanidzwa kuti zvivandudze kushanda.Matanho ekugadzirisa akasiyana anoita kuti redispersible rubber poda ive nemhando dzakasiyana senge mvura inodzivirira, alkali kuramba, kuramba mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinjika.Iine vinyl laurate uye silicone, iyo inogona kuita kuti hupfu hwerabha ive yakanaka hydrophobicity.Yakanyanya branched vinyl tertiary carbonate ine yakaderera Tg kukosha uye yakanaka kuchinjika.
Kana marudzi aya ehupfu hwerabha akaiswa mudhaka, ose ane kunonoka pakugadzirisa nguva yesamende, asi kunonoka kunokonzera kuduku pane kushandiswa kwakananga kwema emulsions akafanana.Mukuenzanisa, styrene-butadiene ine yakanyanya kudzoreredza mhedzisiro, uye ethylene-vinyl acetate ine diki diki retading mhedzisiro.Kana iyo dosage yakanyanya kudiki, mhedzisiro yekuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka haisi pachena.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2023