Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether izwi rinowanzoreva nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nekuita kwealkali cellulose uye etherifying agent mune mamwe mamiriro.Alkali cellulose inotsiviwa nema etherifying agents akasiyana kuti awane akasiyana cellulose ether.Zvinoenderana neiyo ionization yezvinhu zvinotsiva, cellulose ethers inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: ionic (senge carboxymethyl cellulose) uye isiri-ionic (senge methyl cellulose).Zvinoenderana nerudzi rweinotsiva, cellulose ether inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether (senge methyl cellulose) uye yakasanganiswa ether (senge hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).Maererano nekunyungudika kwakasiyana-siyana, inogona kugoverwa kuva mvura-inonyunguduka (yakadai sehydroxyethyl cellulose) uye organic solvent-soluble (yakadai se ethyl cellulose), nezvimwewo. Dry-mixed mortar inonyanya kunyunguduka mumvura, uye mvura-soluble cellulose ndiyo. yakakamurwa kuva pakarepo mhando uye pamusoro kubatwa kunonoka kupera mhando.
Maitiro ekuita kwe cellulose ether mudhaka ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Mushure mekunge cellulose ether mudhaka yanyungudutswa mumvura, kugovaniswa kwakanaka uye kwakafanana kwezvinhu esimende muhurongwa kunovimbiswa nekuda kwebasa repamusoro, uye cellulose ether, senge inodzivirira, "inoputira" yakasimba. particles uye A layer ye lubricating film inoumbwa pamusoro pekunze kwayo, iyo inoita kuti dhaka rigadzikane, uye rinovandudzawo fluidity yedhaka panguva yekusanganiswa uye kutsetseka kwekuvaka.
(2) Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemolecular, iyo cellulose ether solution inoita kuti mvura iri mudhaka isave nyore kurasikirwa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoiburitsa kwenguva yakareba, ichipa dhaka nekuchengetedza mvura kwakanaka uye kushanda.
1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mushure mekunge donje rakanatswa ragadziriswa nealkali, cellulose ether inogadzirwa kuburikidza neyakatevedzana maitiro ane methane chloride se etherification agent.Kazhinji, dhigirii rekutsiva i1.6 ~ 2.0, uye kunyungudika kwakasiyanawo nemadhigirii akasiyana ekutsiva.Iyo ndeye isiri-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye zvichave zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa.Mushonga wayo une aqueous wakanyatsogadzikana muhupamhi hwepH = 3 ~ 12.Iine kuwirirana kwakanaka ne starch, guar gum, nezvimwewo uye akawanda ma surfactants.Kana tembiricha inosvika tembiricha yegelation, gelation inoitika.
(2) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, particle fineness uye dissolution rate.Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwekuwedzera hwakakura, hunyoro hudiki, uye viscosity yakakura, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira.Pakati pavo, huwandu hwekuwedzera hune simba guru pahuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura, uye chiyero che viscosity hachina kuenzana zvakananga nehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura.Mwero wekunyungudika unonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwekugadziriswa kwepasi kwe cellulose particles uye particle fineness.Pakati pema cellulose ethers ari pamusoro, methyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose vane mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza mvura.
(3) Shanduko mutembiricha ichakanganisa zvakanyanya mwero wekuchengetedza mvura yemethyl cellulose.Kazhinji, kukwirisa tembiricha, kunowedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemvura.Kana tembiricha yevhu ichipfuura 40 ° C, kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwedhaka.
(4) Methyl cellulose ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakuvaka uye kunamatira kwedhaka.“Kunamira” pano kunoreva simba rekunamira rinonzwikwa pakati pemudziyo wemushandisi wekushandisa nemadziro emadziro, ndiko kuti, kugerwa kwedhaka.Kunamatira kwakakwirira, kupikisa kweshear kwevhu kwakakura, uye simba rinodiwa nevashandi vari mukugadzirisa kushandiswa kwakakurawo, uye kushanda kwekuvaka kwedhaka kwakashata.Methyl cellulose adhesion iri pamwero wepakati mune cellulose ether zvigadzirwa.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imhando ye cellulose iyo kubuda kwayo uye kushandiswa kwave kuwedzera nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura.Iyo isiri-ionic cellulose yakasanganiswa ether yakagadzirwa kubva kudonje rakanatswa mushure me alkalization, uchishandisa propylene oxide uye methyl chloride se etherification agent, kuburikidza neakatevedzana maitiro.Dhigirii rekutsiva kazhinji 1.2 ~ 2.0.Zvimiro zvaro zvakasiyana nekuda kweiyo reshiyo yakasiyana yemethoxyl yemukati uye hydroxypropyl yemukati.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura inotonhora, uye ichasangana nematambudziko mukunyungudika mumvura inopisa.Asi tembiricha yayo yegelation mumvura inopisa yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura yemethyl cellulose.Iyo solubility mumvura inotonhora zvakare yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemethyl cellulose.
(2) Iyo viscosity yehydroxypropyl methylcellulose inoenderana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru, uye iyo yakakura huremu hwemamorekuru, ndiyo inokwirisa viscosity.Kupisa kunokanganisawo viscosity yayo, sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, viscosity inoderera.Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira viscosity ine yakaderera tembiricha mhedzisiro pane methyl cellulose.Mushonga waro wakagadzikana kana wakachengetwa pakushambidzika kwekamuri.
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, nezvimwewo, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura pasi peiyo imwechete yekuwedzera yakakwira kupfuura iyo yemethyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakagadzikana kune asidhi uye alkali, uye mhinduro yayo yemvura yakanyatsogadzikana muhuwandu hwepH = 2 ~ 12.Caustic soda uye mvura yeraimu haina mhedzisiro pakuita kwayo, asi alkali inogona kukurumidza kuparara kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakagadzikana kune yakajairwa munyu, asi kana kusanganiswa kwemunyu munyu kwakakwira, viscosity yehydroxypropyl methylcellulose mhinduro inowedzera kuwedzera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogona kusanganiswa nemvura-soluble polymer compounds kuti iite yunifomu uye yakakwirira viscosity mhinduro.Zvakadai se polyvinyl doro, starch ether, muriwo gum, nezvimwe.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ine nani enzyme kuramba kupfuura methylcellulose, uye mhinduro yayo haigone kuderedzwa nema enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose.
(7) Iko kunamatira kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kukuvaka kwedhaka kwakakwira kupfuura iyo yemethylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Yakagadzirwa kubva mukotoni yakanatswa yakabatwa nealkali, uye yakaitwa ne ethylene oxide se etherification agent pamberi peacetone.Dhigirii rekutsiva kazhinji 1.5 ~ 2.0.Iine yakasimba hydrophilicity uye iri nyore kutora unyoro
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, asi yakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa.Mhinduro yaro yakagadzikana pakupisa kwepamusoro pasina gelling.Inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro mumatope, asi kuchengetedza kwayo mvura kwakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yakagadzikana kune general acid uye alkali.Alkali inogona kukurumidza kuparara kwayo uye zvishoma kuwedzera viscosity yayo.Kupararira kwayo mumvura kwakashata zvishoma kupfuura iyo yemethyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ine yakanaka anti-sag performance yedhaka, asi ine nguva yakareba yekudzosa simende.
(4) Kuita kwehydroxyethyl cellulose inogadzirwa nemamwe mabhizinesi epamba zviri pachena kuti yakaderera pane iyo yemethyl cellulose nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura uye yakakwira madota.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether inogadzirwa kubva kune yakasikwa fibers (donje, nezvimwewo) mushure mekurapa kwealkali, uchishandisa sodium monochloroacetate se etherification agent, uye ichiitwa nhevedzano yemaitiro ekurapwa.Dhigirii rekutsiva kazhinji 0.4 ~ 1.4, uye kuita kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya nedhigirii rekutsiva.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose inowedzera hygroscopic, uye ichange iine mvura yakawanda kana yakachengetwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution haizobudisi gel, uye viscosity inoderera nekuwedzera kwekushisa.Kana tembiricha inopfuura 50 ° C, viscosity haidzoreki.
(3) Kugadzikana kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya pH.Kazhinji, inogona kushandiswa mune gypsum-based mortar, asi kwete musimende-based mortar.Kana yakanyanya alkaline, inorasikirwa neviscosity.
(4) Kuchengeta kwayo mvura kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura kwemethyl cellulose.Iyo ine mhedzisiro yekudzosera pane gypsum-based mortar uye inoderedza simba rayo.Nekudaro, mutengo wecarboxymethyl cellulose wakadzikira zvakanyanya pane wemethyl cellulose.
Redispersible polymer rubber poda
Redispersible rubber poda inogadziriswa nekupfapfaidza kuomeswa kweiyo yakakosha polymer emulsion.Mukuita kwekugadzirisa, inodzivirira colloid, anti-caking agent, nezvimwe zvinova zvakakosha zvinowedzera.Iyo yakaomeswa rabha poda ndezvimwe zvidimbu zvakatenderera zve80 ~ 100mm zvakaungana pamwechete.Zvimedu izvi zvinonyungudika mumvura uye zvinogadzira kupararira kwakagadzikana kwakakura zvishoma pane yekutanga emulsion particles.Kupararira uku kuchaita firimu mushure mekupera mvura uye kuoma.Iyi firimu haigadziriseki seyakajairwa emulsion firimu kuumbwa, uye haizoparadzike zvakare kana yasangana nemvura.Kupararira.
Redispersible rubber powder inogona kukamurwa kuva: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, nezvimwewo, uye zvichibva pane izvi, silicone, vinyl laurate, nezvimwewo zvakabatanidzwa kuti zvivandudze kushanda.Matanho ekugadzirisa akasiyana anoita kuti iyo redispersible rabha hupfu ive nemhando dzakasiyana senge mvura inodzivirira, alkali kuramba, kuramba mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinjika.Iine vinyl laurate uye silicone, iyo inogona kuita kuti hupfu hwerabha ive yakanaka hydrophobicity.Yakanyanya branched vinyl tertiary carbonate ine yakaderera Tg kukosha uye yakanaka kuchinjika.
Kana marudzi aya ehupfu hwerabha akaiswa mudhaka, ose ane kunonoka pakugadzirisa nguva yesamende, asi kunonoka kunokonzera kuduku pane kushandiswa kwakananga kwemaemulsions akafanana.Mukuenzanisa, styrene-butadiene ine yakanyanya kudzoreredza mhedzisiro, uye ethylene-vinyl acetate ine diki diki retading mhedzisiro.Kana iyo dosage yakanyanya kudiki, mhedzisiro yekuvandudza kushanda kwedhaka haisi pachena.
Polypropylene fibers
Polypropylene faibha inogadzirwa nepolypropylene seyakagadzirwa uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwekugadzirisa.Iyo fiber dhayamita inowanzoita 40 microns, iyo tensile simba i300 ~ 400mpa, elastic modulus iri ≥3500mpa, uye yekupedzisira elongation i15~18%.Kuita kwayo maitiro:
(1) Polypropylene fibers yakagovaniswa zvakafanana mumatatu-dimensional random directions mudhaka, achigadzira network reinforcement system.Kana 1 kg ye polypropylene fiber yakawedzerwa kune tani imwe neimwe yedhaka, zvinopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu emagetsi e monofilament anogona kuwanikwa.
(2) Kuwedzera polypropylene fiber kudhaka kunogona kunyatso kudzikisa shrinkage kutsemuka kwedhaka munzvimbo yepurasitiki.Kuti mitswe iyi inoonekwa here kana kuti kwete.Uye inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kubuda kweropa uye kuungana kugadzika kwedhaka nyowani.
(3) Kune iyo dhaka yakaomeswa muviri, polypropylene faibha inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekukanganisa kutsemuka.Ndokunge, kana dhaka rinoomesa muviri richiburitsa kushushikana nekuda kwe deformation, rinogona kuramba uye kuendesa kushushikana.Kana dhaka rinoomesa muviri richitsemuka, rinogona kudzikamisa kushushikana mupfungwa pamucheto wekutsemuka uye kudzivirira kuwedzera kwekutsemuka.
(4) Kupararira kwakanaka kwepolypropylene fiber mukugadzirwa kwedhaka kuchava dambudziko rakaoma.Kusanganisa michina, mhando yefiber uye dosage, dhaka reshiyo uye maitiro ayo maparamendi zvese zvichave zvakakosha zvinhu zvinokanganisa kupararira.
air etraining agent
Air-entraining agent imhando yesurfactant inogona kugadzira mabhuru emhepo akagadzikana mukongiri nyowani kana dhaka nemaitiro emuviri.Zvikuru zvinosanganisira: rosin uye ayo anopisa mapolymers, asiri-ionic surfactants, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, carboxylic acid uye munyu wavo, nezvimwe.
Air-entraining agents anowanzoshandiswa kugadzira madhaka ekupurasita uye masonry madhaka.Nekuda kwekuwedzera kweair-entraining agent, dzimwe shanduko mukuita kwedhaka dzichaunzwa.
(1) Nekuda kwekuunzwa kwemafuro emhepo, kureruka nekuvakwa kwedhaka richangobva kusanganiswa kunogona kuwedzerwa, uye kubuda ropa kunogona kuderedzwa.
(2) Kungoshandisa air-entraining agent kunoderedza simba uye elasticity ye mold mumatope.Kana iyo mhepo-entraining agent uye inoderedza mvura inoshandiswa pamwe chete, uye chiyero chakakodzera, kukosha kwesimba hakuzoderera.
(3) Inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kupikisa kwechando chedhaka rakaomeswa, kunatsiridza kusamira kwedhaka, uye kuvandudza kurwisa kwekukukurwa kwedhaka rakaomarara.
(4) Mhepo-intraining agent ichawedzera mhepo yevhu, iyo inowedzera shrinkage yedhaka, uye shrinkage inokosha inogona kuderedzwa zvakakodzera nekuwedzera mvura inoderedza mumiririri.
Sezvo huwandu hwemhepo-inopinza mumiriri yakawedzerwa idiki kwazvo, kazhinji inongoverengera zvishoma gumi-zviuru zvehuwandu hwesementitious zvinhu, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti yakanyatso metered uye yakasanganiswa mukati panguva yekugadzira dhaka;zvinhu zvakadai senzira dzinokurudzira uye nguva yekufambisa zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya huwandu hwemhepo-inopinza.Naizvozvo, pasi pezvino kugadzirwa kwepamba uye mamiriro ekuvaka, kuwedzera mhepo-inopinza vamiririri kudhaka inoda basa rakawanda rekuyedza.
kutanga simba mumiririri
Inoshandiswa kuvandudza simba rekutanga rekongiri nedhaka, sulfate yekutanga simba maajenti anowanzoshandiswa, kunyanya kusanganisira sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, aluminium sulfate uye potassium aluminium sulfate.
Kazhinji, anhydrous sodium sulfate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye muyero wayo wakaderera uye mhedzisiro yesimba rekutanga yakanaka, asi kana iyo dosi yakakurisa, inokonzeresa kuwedzera uye kuputika mune inotevera nhanho, uye panguva imwecheteyo, alkali kudzoka. zvichaitika, izvo zvichakanganisa chitarisiko uye mhedzisiro yekushongedza kwepamusoro.
Calcium formate zvakare yakanaka antifreeze agent.Iyo ine yakanaka yekutanga simba mhedzisiro, mishoma mhedzisiro, yakanaka kuenderana nezvimwe zvinosanganiswa, uye akawanda zvivakwa zviri nani pane sulfate yekutanga simba vamiririri, asi mutengo wakakwira.
antifreeze
Kana iyo dhaka inoshandiswa pakupisa kusina kunaka, kana pasina matanho ekudzivirira kutonhora anotorwa, kuparara kwechando kuchaitika uye simba remuviri wakaoma richaparadzwa.Antifreeze inodzivirira kukuvara kwechando kubva munzira mbiri dzekudzivirira kutonhora uye kuvandudza simba rekutanga redhaka.
Pakati pezvinowanzo shandiswa antifreeze agents, calcium nitrite uye sodium nitrite zvine zvakanakisa antifreeze mhedzisiro.Sezvo calcium nitrite isina potassium uye sodium ions, inogona kuderedza kuitika kwealkali aggregate kana yakashandiswa mukongiri, asi kushanda kwayo kune zvishoma zvishoma kana kushandiswa mudhaka, asi sodium nitrite ine kushanda kuri nani.Antifreeze inoshandiswa pamwe chete neyekutanga simba mumiriri uye inoderedza mvura kuti iwane zvinogutsa mhedzisiro.Kana iyo yakaoma-yakasanganiswa dhaka ine antifreeze inoshandiswa pa-ultra-low negative tembiricha, tembiricha yemusanganiswa inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera, sekusanganisa nemvura inodziya.
Kana huwandu hweantifreeze hwakanyanya, huchaderedza kusimba kwedhaka muchikamu chekupedzisira, uye pamusoro pedhaka rakaoma richava nezvinetso zvakadai sekudzoka kwealkali, izvo zvinokanganisa chitarisiko uye mhedzisiro yedenga rekushongedza. .
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-16-2023